FINAL CLAUSES

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(from THOMSON AND   MARTINET    A Practical English Grammar.

 

Purpose is expressed in final claues

1. through an infinitive with TO:

ex: I've come this far TO SEE you play.

 

2. with SO AS  or IN ORDER TO

    2.1. SO AS NOT TO very frequently with negative clauses.

    ex: He spoke quietly SO AS NOT TO wake the baby.

    2.2. IN ORDER TO to refer the infinitive to the subject:

    ex: He took off his shoes and socks in order to walk comfortably on the           wooden     floor.

 

3.FOR +______ING form

expresses the purpose of a thing:

ex: A lawn mower is a machine to cut the grass of your garden

4. SO THAT + WILL/WOULD    
  ex: Modern cars come with an estabililty system so that drivers will feel safer.  
  CAN/COULD        these forms are used whenever the person referred to is mentioned
  ex: We brought a second pair of socks so that the children could change after playing.  
  MAY/MIGHT (+ formal)  
  ex: We made a copy of all the papers so that the judge might keep them  
     
5. IN ORDER + MAY/MIGHT---MIGHT/SHOULD  
  note that this form is also possible when another subject is implied but the tenses are more restrictive.

ex: I explained that a couple of times in order that everybody might understand it perfectly

 
     
     
6. IN CASE + SUBJECT + VERB means "por si" in Spanish"
  6.1 present tense + in case + present tense/should + infinitive  
  ex: I always take the umbrella in case it rains

                                                        it should rain

 
  6.2 past tense + in case + past tense or should  
  ex: I took the umbrella in case it should rain/rained